中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
挑战桥梁建设难关的“巾帼英雄”——记贵州公路集团总工程师张胜林****** 【劳动者风采】 光明日报记者 吕慎 陈冠合 很难想象，一位看似柔弱的女子常年跋涉在人迹罕至的山川峡谷间，指挥建造起一座座巨大的桥梁。贵州公路集团总工程师张胜林就是这样一位巾帼英雄，她怀着改变家乡面貌的初心和使命，风雨无阻，矢志不渝，足迹遍布黔山贵水。 生在贵州的张胜林从小就对家乡千沟万壑、交通闭塞有着刻骨铭心的记忆，梦想着有一天能飞出大山。高考时，本来想学生物工程的她却被北京工业大学交通工程专业录取，从此就跟钢筋水泥打起了交道。 20世纪90年代初，正值北京城市交通蓬勃发展的时期，张胜林经常跟着老师和专家来到立交桥的施工现场，巨型的机械、构件，让她大开眼界。“那时我就爱上了造桥这项工作，迫不及待想把学到的知识用到家乡的建设中！” 1993年，刚毕业的张胜林作为一线技术员，参与了贵州省瓮安县江界河大桥建设。第一次去现场，为了寻找最佳的设备安装位置，她徒手爬上高梯，任务完成了，腿还在颤抖。 彼时，技术人员少之又少，张胜林一个人承担了项目测量、质检等多项工作。从底模制作、施工放样到安装模板、绑扎钢筋，再到浇筑混凝土、构件安装，每个工艺工序，她都在场。 大桥建成，张胜林坐在山岭高处，望着桥上的汽车和行人，幸福感让她忘却了时间，一坐就是几小时……江界河大桥就这样开启了她的梦想之门。 建设重庆江津观音岩长江大桥时，由于长江水流湍急，大吨位浮吊无法到达桥位区。她连续熬夜几十天，写下了一本密密麻麻的技术手册，创造出“门式浮吊拼装钢围堰施工工法”，不仅在长江上创造了一个枯水期完成深水基础施工的新纪录，还为该项目节约资金1158万元。 建设广州新光大桥时，没有可借鉴的资料，经过艰苦思索、反复试验，张胜林提出了一项新工艺——“拱肋大节段提升安装技术”，对推动行业吊装技术进步具有重大意义，该桥也获得了“詹天佑奖”和“鲁班奖”。 “赶上贵州交通发展的大好时机，我是幸运的。”张胜林说，党的十八大以来，在脱贫攻坚伟大事业的带动下，贵州高速公路、高速铁路建设进入了前所未有的繁荣期。 “我们贵州的造桥人都有创新基因，因为这里的每一座桥梁都像一件独一无二的艺术品。不仅外观造型不一样，更重要的是桥位区地形地质条件千差万别，设计施工都得拿出与众不同的方案。” 贵州大小井特大桥是世界最大跨径的上承式钢管混凝土拱桥，桥台所在山坡峰顶与河底相对高差约250米。张胜林带领团队运用大数据技术，实时数据远程自动传输、存储和报警，实现了塔架自动纠偏和索力自平衡。 在建设世界第一混凝土塔高的三塔斜拉桥——贵州平塘特大桥这一世界级工程建设及技术研究中，她组织研发了缆吊与扣挂自动化控制系统，实现了桥梁缆吊和扣挂施工智慧化和精细化施工，平塘特大桥也荣获第38届国际桥梁大会（IBC）古斯塔夫斯·林德撒尔奖。 30年来，张胜林参与和主持建造的大小桥梁不计其数，获得两项国家级工法、5项发明专利。她先后被评为全国劳动模范、全国三八红旗手、十大桥梁人物，被誉为“桥梁艺术家”“桥梁女神”“最美造桥人”。 “困难只能吓倒懦夫懒汉，而胜利永远属于敢于攀登科学高峰的人。”张胜林说，“每当遇到困难时我总用茅以升先生这句话激励自己，新时代呼唤无数迎难而上的科技工作者，我愿意成为其中一员。” 《光明日报》（ 2023年01月05日 04版） 凤凰快三地图 |
