四措并举 改善优质房企资产负债表******
王丽新
日前，央行、银保监会联合召开主要银行信贷工作座谈会，提及“引导优质房企资产负债表回归安全区间”。从中央经济工作会议提出“有效防范化解优质头部房企风险”，到此次的“改善优质头部房企资产负债表”，同时继续强调落实保交楼金融支持、“金融16条”、差别化住房信贷政策等内容，可见政策层面对优质头部房企的深切关注。在笔者看来，接下来，地产金融支持性政策将在多维度快速展开，一方面会真正覆盖到有优质资产却被“误伤”的房企，使其迎来弹性扩表的机会；另一方面，资本市场将更好地发挥资源配置功能，“改善优质房企经营性和融资性现金流”，既要多措并举引导合规房企获得融资性现金流，也要恢复企业内生造血能力，稳住经营性现金流，最终实现保优质主体的目标。笔者认为，会议提到的四项举措可有效改善整个行业的资产负债表。
举措之一是“资产激活”，这与保交楼行动目标一致，主要针对出险房企及潜在出险房企，助其盘活资产，回归正常经营。具体而言，一可通过保交楼专项借款等增量资金支持存量项目复产复工；二当支持对房企间项目收并购，引导需求端政策配合来增强项目去化和处置资产力度；三是远期或可期待支持发行商业地产类ABS、REITs等方式盘活持有型物业，释放房企此前沉淀大量资金的重资产项目的流动性。
举措之二是“负债接续”，这与当下房企已经在落实的债转股、存量债券展期等缓解房企债务压力的方向一致，主要缓解未出险房企短期还债压力，防止出险房企数量增加。比如当下内房股采用较多的支持房企在发生债务违约前置换要约，以新债换旧债以及合理展期，给予房企“以时间换空间”的机会。
举措之三是“权益补充”即股权融资支持，这是改善优质房企资产负债表的最有效手段，也是加速行业风险出清的“助推器”。上市房企股权融资开闸优势有三，一是没有债务利息，融资成本低；二是不会新增有息债务，剔除预收账款后的资产负债率不会提升，避免重走“高杠杆、高负债、高周转”的“旧三高”老路，为行业高质量发展夯实基础；三是股权融资直接拉升权益资本，能优化资产负债结构，引新股东入局后，若资源能与房企现有业务整合发展，可助推房地产业向新发展模式平稳过渡。
举措之四是“预期提升”，这与“稳销售、增信心、扩投资”一脉相承，是行业复苏的持续动力。供给侧方面支持房企融资，目的也是引导企业经营现金流回归常态。结合近期多部门的积极表态，预计需求端利好政策还将进一步释放，尤其可能聚焦在激活换房等改善性需求的购买力方面，使其成为楼市销售的新生力军。交易增加，企业资金状况得到改善，交付的项目逐步增多，购房者消除担忧，市场有望联动好转，实现良性循环。
当然，改善房地产行业资产负债表不能一蹴而就。可喜的是，积弊已久的“旧三高”时代已经远去，“第三支箭”落地的广度和力度不断提升，随着居住消费需求不断升级，房地产行业开发与运营并重的新时代将来临。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
| 凤凰快三地图 |
